Veículos e fumo poderão ter imposto maior, e ultraprocessados são poupados; veja produtos

BRASÍLIA, DF (FOLHAPRESS) – A proposta de regulamentação da reforma tributária prevê uma alíquota maior de imposto para veículos, embarcações, aeronaves, produtos do fumo, bebidas alcoólicas e açucaradas, além de bens minerais extraídos.

Essas categorias serão alvo de incidência do chamado Imposto Seletivo, criado para sobretaxar bens considerados danosos à saúde.

A lista não inclui alimentos ultraprocessados, apesar do manifesto de especialistas da área da saúde em defesa da cobrança sobre essa classe de produtos.

O IS vai incidir uma única vez sobre o bem. As alíquotas serão definidas posteriormente por meio de lei ordinária.

O governo argumenta que a cobrança do Imposto Seletivo sobre a aquisição de veículos, aeronaves e embarcações se justifica porque eles são “emissores de poluentes que causam danos ao meio ambiente e ao homem”.

No caso dos veículos, a proposta do Executivo é que as alíquotas do IS sejam cobradas sobre aqueles classificados como automóveis e veículos comerciais leves. Haverá uma alíquota base, que pode ser majorada ou reduzida conforme os atributos de cada veículo.

Serão considerados fatores como potência do veículo, eficiência energética, desempenho estrutural e tecnologias assistivas à direção, reciclabilidade de materiais, pegada de carbono e densidade tecnológica.

Os atributos estão em linha com o Programa Mover (Mobilidade Verde e Inovação), que concede incentivos tributários ao setor automobilístico com foco na transição energética.

Automóveis e comerciais leves considerados como sustentáveis terão alíquota zero. Já os mais poluentes terão a alíquota majorada.

Para ser caracterizado como sustentável, o veículo deverá se enquadrar em índices específicos de emissão de dióxido de carbono, reciclabilidade veicular, realização de etapas fabris no país e categoria do veículo.

O projeto ainda prevê alíquota zero de IS sobre veículos adquiridos por pessoas com deficiência ou motoristas profissionais (taxistas), desde que benefício semelhante tenha sido reconhecido no âmbito dos novos tributos criados pela reforma, o IBS (Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços) e a CBS (Contribuição sobre Bens e Serviços).

O governo também propôs a cobrança do Imposto Seletivo sobre bebidas açucaradas, sob o argumento de que seu consumo prejudica a saúde e aumenta as chances de obesidade e diabetes, citando estudos realizados pela OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde).

“A tributação foi considerada pela OMS como um dos principais instrumentos para conter a demanda deste tipo de produto. Neste sentido, segundo a OMS, 83 países membros da organização já tributam bebidas açucaradas, principalmente refrigerantes”, diz o texto.

Como o setor possui estrutura concentrada em fabricantes e fragmentada nas etapas de distribuição e varejo, o projeto do Executivo propõe que o tributo seja recolhido pelo fabricante na primeira venda, pelo importador na importação e pelo arrematante em caso de leilão.

No caso das bebidas alcoólicas, a cobrança será dupla: haverá uma alíquota ad valorem (em percentual) e uma alíquota específica (valor fixo por unidade de medida) conforme o teor alcoólico –quanto maior a quantidade, maior a carga do tributo. O imposto também será recolhido na primeira comercialização das fabricantes.

Em relação aos produtos do fumo, o Brasil já cobra alíquotas sobre cigarros, mas o governo propõe um alcance ampliado do IS para abarcar também charutos, cigarrilhas e cigarros artesanais.

O projeto também prevê medidas adicionais para tentar fortalecer o combate ao mercado ilegal, principalmente de cigarros.

O texto estabelece a aplicação da pena de perda dos bens (perdimento) nas hipóteses de transporte, depósito ou exposição à venda desses produtos desacompanhados da documentação fiscal comprobatória de sua procedência, sem prejuízo da cobrança do IS devido.

A proposta ainda autoriza a incidência de Imposto Seletivo sobre a extração de minério de ferro, de petróleo e de gás natural. As alíquotas respeitarão o percentual máximo de 1%.

A proposta prevê a incidência do IS na primeira comercialização pela empresa extrativista, ainda que o minério tenha como finalidade a exportação. Há também hipótese de incidência na transferência não onerosa de bem mineral extraído ou produzido.

Está prevista a redução da alíquota a zero para o gás natural que seja destinado à utilização como insumo em processo industrial.

Operações com energia elétrica e com telecomunicações serão imunes ao Imposto Seletivo. Os bens e serviços contemplados pela alíquota reduzida da reforma tributária (desconto de 60% em relação à cobrança padrão) também ficarão livres do IS, assim como os serviços de transporte público coletivo de passageiros rodoviário e metroviário de caráter urbano, semiurbano e metropolitano.

VEJA OS PRODUTOS QUE SERÃO ALVO DO IMPOSTO SELETIVO

1. Veículos;
2. Embarcações e aeronaves;
3. Produtos fumígenos;
4. Bebidas alcoólicas;
5. Bebidas açucaradas;
6. Bens minerais extraídos.

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